In that, separate plant species produce different chemical molecules. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gallinducing arthropods. The results indicate that the shaded and fairly uniform logging residues from thinning are probably of minor importance for the conservation of saproxylic beetles, but their presence might increase the risk of certain pest outbreaks particularly, pityogenes chalcographus. The results supported the hypothesis that such crosses can result in an increase in frequency of polyploid sperms in the f1. This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Crossing experiments performed in the mid 1970ies showed differences in reproductive compatibility when insects from various geographic origins were mated. Biology and chemical ecology of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera. Pheromones and semiochemicals of pityogenes chalcographus. Predation can be a significant part of decreasing its population density. Observations on the biology and the distribution are presented and discussed. Social biology of the neotropical wasp mischocyttarus.
Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone. Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and. Norway spruce is the preferred host but fir, douglasfir, pine and other spruce species are also be attacked. Byers pheromone research group department of ecology, animal ecology lurid university s223 62 lund, sweden. It infests several conifer species, with norway spruce, picea abies l. Pityogenes chalcographus normally concentrates on weakened and unhealthy trees. Apennines as a cryptic pleistocene refugium of the bark. Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay.
Scolytinae is a widely distributed pest in europe, infesting mainly norway spruce picea abies as well as other conifer species such as pinus sp. Scolytinae was reported to express partial, unidirectional crossing incompatibilities among certain european. Pityogenes chalcographus was a target species in the original ewbbb national survey manual. Molecular genetics of parasitic protozoa current communications in cell and molecular biology by mervyn j. Miller 3 christian stauffer 1 abstract pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands. Pityogenes chalcographus prefers thinbarked parts of trees, such as upper parts of the trunk or branches. The six toothed bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus l. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive. Sperm polyploidy by interpopulation hybridisation in. Pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetls. The response of ips typographus, ips duplicatus and pityogenes chalcographus adults to combinations of their synthetic aggregation pheromones in field tests nicolai olenici, alexandra ispravnic, iulian danila, mihaileonard duduman, valentina olenici.
Aug 24, 2007 for the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented. Here for the first time, distinguished physiologists and paleontologists combine talents to examine the ecology and biology of mammallike reptiles from primitive reptile states through transition to mammals. Pityogenes chalcographus is one of the major pests in eurasian spruce stands and, besides others, the beetles ability to aggregate facilitates periodical mass outbreaks. Scolytidae the smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. As both species are comparable in biology, life history, and habitat, including sharing the same host, picea abies, they provide. As the stem continues to increase in diameter, the older i.
State regulated list this map identifies those states that list this species on their regulated list. Some spiroacetals are insect pheromones 2s,5r2ethyl1,6dioxaspiro4. In this paper we study one of the most important bark beetles of spruce, namely the sixspined spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus l. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Turner and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Pity beetle algorithm a new metaheuristic inspired by. It often occurs together with ips typographus and infests the upper part of trees, while i. Although often specific to a tree genus or species, some bark beetles are polyphagous and have the ability to switch on to new hosts and extend their host range i. Laboratory studies were carried out in the german federal republic in which individuals from allopatric populations of the spruce pest pityogenes chalcographus l. Usually, this beetle infests weakened hosts, for example, trees damaged by wind or snow, or after logging operations.
Ein beitrag zur fortpflanzungsbiologie des borkenkafers. Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in europe, a. Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of bark beetles. Isolation of pheromone synergists of a bark beetles. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1761 references edit arthofer, w. Adults and propagative juveniles of the nematode are found in larval galleries of the sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, while its dauer juveniles aggregate in malpighian tubules of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. As final product of a fouryear research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all european specialists have participated. Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and wolbachia. Prior to overwintering, the beetles accumulated carbohydrate reserves in the form of glycogen and trehalose. Structureactivity studies on aggregation pheromone components ofpityogenes chalcographus coleoptera. Ecology and management of the spruce bark beetle ips. Pityogenes chalcographus is an oligophagous bark beetle, feeding in tree species of a few genera within the plant family pinaceae 6, and host specialization has also been proposed to drive population differentiation.
Pitfalls in applying mitochondrial markers onto the. Phylogeographic analysis of european pityogenes chalcographus populations revealed a deep genetic structure between the most diverged haplotypes with three major clades and an estimated divergence time of 100,000 years before present avtzis et al. Bulletin volume 164166 new york state museum of history on. Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips typographus to pheromone baited puddle traps placed in grids. Chemical compounds involved in plant defense can act in several facts. Curculionidae is a widespread bark beetle in eurasia. Herbivores can damage plant productivity and fitness because plants have improved defense mechanisms such as physical barriers, association with other organisms such as ants, and chemical defense. Registration is free and will only take a few minutes. Eggers, 1914 coleoptera, curculionidae, scolytinae and notes on the biology. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book without typos from the publisher. The occurrence of earlyarriving saproxylic beetles on.
Dendroctonus ponderosae poses the most recent example having destroyed almost 100,000 km2 of conifer forests in north america. This monograph, a set of 2 volumes places greater emphasis on the biology, behavior, and evolution of the gallinducing arthropod and of associated organisms. In a second step the resin canal system, which is important for defence against bark beetles, was investigated under lenticels and under lenticelfree periderm. This beetle has the ability to infest large forest areas starting from a single brood colony, employing a strategy that is more or less common among the species of ipini tribe 22. Pleistocene climate cycling and host plant association. Pityogenes is a genus of typical bark beetles in the family curculionidae. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus sixtoothed spruce bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus is an insect pest. Scolytidae all stereoisomers of chalcogran and methyl 2,4decadienoate john a. Influence on egg laying and interspecific variability of some active secondary compounds. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education, research and innovation seri. For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in europe on all bark and wood boring insects in living trees bawbilt is presented. Access to the pherobase require registration, please register to have immediate access and avoid this delay.
Isolation of pheromone synergists of bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insectplant odors by fractionation and subtractivecombination bioassay. The cork cambium also undergoes anticlinal divisions to increase in circumference. The proposed algorithm was inspired by the aggregation behavior of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae, also known as sixtoothed spruce bark beetle. Pityogenes chalcographus might harbor an ancient wolbachia infection that might have been lost over time making it unlikely that this endosymbiont infection affects the reproduction of this bark beetle arthofer et al. There are more than 30 described species in pityogenes. Orientation of bark beetles pityogenes chalcographus and ips. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers for analyzing the. This species is of a high importance in young stands weakened by defoliators, where can occur and cause damage itself.
Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus a. Angewandte chemie international edition in english. The pherobase is the world largest database of behaviour modifying chemicals and much more valuable resources in chemistry and biology. The cork cambium may initially arise in certain areas of the axis but eventually becomes continuous around the stem or root. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Bark beetle species within the scolytid genera dendroctonus, ips, pityogenes and tomicus are known to cause extensive ecological and economical damage in spruce and pine forests during epidemic outbreaks all around the world. The seasonal development of physiological features underlying gradual acquisition of relatively high cold tolerance in overwintering adults of the bark beetles, pityogenes chalcographus was described. Distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us except colorado.
Beetle colonisation tests on breeding logs resulted in 93. It is a native of europe and asia and was first detected in maryland in 2007. Using semiochemicals for coleopterean pests in sustainable. Chemical plant defense against herbivores intechopen. The new species is characterised by the body length of 719. The relationships between pityogenes chalcographus and. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1758 is a significant pest of young spruce stands up to the age of about 20 years. Sixtoothed spruce bark beetle, pityogenes chalcographus. Sympatric occurrence of diverged mtdna lineages of pityogenes chalcographus coleoptera, scolytinae in europe article pdf available in biological journal of the linnean society 942. The european spruce bark beetle has a significant impact on both the ecological and economic environment of norway spruce forests. Divergent evolutionary histories of two sympatric spruce. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.
Ips typographus and pityogenes chalcographus are two sympatric palearctic bark beetle species with wide distribution ranges. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Reproductive incompatibility in pityogenes chalcographus. Sitooted srce ar eete pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus coeotera 2 scoytinae sorting pityogenes chalcographus funnel traps should be sorted initially for the presence of beetles of the appropriate size color and shape. The aim of the research was to determine the relationships between captured p. Pityogenes chalcographus a beetle of the family scolytidae bark beetles. Ips typographus, pityophthorus micrographus, polygraphus poligraphus, and tomicus piniperda. The significance of lenticels for successful pityogenes. The book deals with the biology and ecology of acarines, hemipteroids, cole. The first records in norway of pityogenes saalasi eggers. The beetle develops in the thin bark and sapwood of young, slender, and enfeebled conifers. Pityogenes chalcographus linnaeus, 1760 coleoptera. Crossing experiments performed in the mid1970s suggested.
The smaller european spruce bark beetle or sixspined spruce bark beetle is represented in the picture at left. On use of a new chiral separating phase, complexation gas chromatography effectively resolved the synthetic aggregation pheromone of pityogenes chalcographus on a nickel ii bisr. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. The first bark beetles officially described as zoological species were four common european species listed in the 10th edition of linnes systema naturae linnaeus, 1758. This page was last edited on 15 november 2016, at 01.
This page was last edited on 18 february 2016, at 08. The potential use of such incompatibility which was physical, not behavioural for biological control is. Effect of the foliage of different pine species on the development and on the oviposition of the pine sawfly diprion pini l. However, during drought periods, it can cause significant damages to young stands, and could become more aggressive wherever windthrown trees or large stocks of attractive logs are left in the forest. Together with storm events, bark beetle outbreaks are thought by some to be one of the most important natural disturbances in this region. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education. Social biology of the neotropical wasp mischocyttarus drewseni bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology jeanne, robert l on. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.